Cryptocurrency accounting standards

Industry Impact While not yet official guidance, this recommendation signals how the Board expects to address cryptocurrency accounting and follows an announcement in May that crypto will be a subject of focus going forward. Even in the short term, this recommendation may prove a boon to the cryptocurrency industry as advocates for the change have long suggested that adopting the fair-value accounting method will enable crypto holdings to be accurately valued on corporate balance sheets.

Additionally, there is some suggestion that, because the fair value measurement is familiar to companies holding traditional financial assets, the change may ease the concerns of crypto-curious institutional investors wary of the accounting headaches accompanying crypto purchases subject to the prior method. The Board also considered if there should be a difference, or measurement alternative, for private companies.

The Board ultimately decided that the measurement and recognition of crypto assets should remain the same regardless of if the reporting entity is a private company or a public business entity. Assuming your business purchased the virtual currency using fiat currency, you would credit your cash account for the same amount.

When your business later sells the asset, you do the opposite. Credit the asset to remove it from your balance sheet at its book value, and debit your cash in the amount of your proceeds or other consideration received. How should your business record payments to its vendors? Either way, it counts as a disposal, so you would recognize a capital gain for the difference between the expense and the book value of the digital asset. How should your business record its crypto mining activities?

Mining is a fundamental component of blockchain technology and brings new digital assets into circulation. If your business engages in mining activities, they should appear in your ledger like any other income-generating activity.

Generally speaking, any proceeds from your mining activities should be recognized as revenue at the time the proceeds are earned. How is digital asset trading treated on your ledger? You should record your cryptocurrency trading activities similarly to how you would record stock trading. When you buy a crypto asset using fiat currency, put the investment on your books by crediting your cash account and debiting the newly acquired crypto-asset account. You'll need to make the necessary journal entries to account for any impairments as they occur by debiting your loss account and crediting your asset account.

When you dispose of your crypto investment, remove the asset from your books by crediting the asset account at its book value, and debiting the account that represents the consideration received in exchange for trading your digital asset away. If you exchanged it for another digital asset, debit the new crypto account. Then, plug the difference into a capital gain or loss account to balance the transaction as necessary. Accounting and taxes are intimately linked. In fact, while the challenges of cryptocurrency taxation are nothing to scoff at, crypto taxes pose a smaller hurdle to most public companies than GAAP reporting.

The tax basis of accounting is more straightforward and, in most cases, avoids the concept of impairment. You can split your crypto transactions into two general camps based on the type of cryptocurrency tax they generate: those that generate income taxes and those that generate capital gains taxes.

The following activities constitute a taxable event and will cause your business to owe income taxes on the fair market value of the asset they generate on the date of receipt: Mining income Hard forks or AirDrops Interest earnings You should include all of these activities in your gross revenue for the year; they will be taxable as ordinary business income. The list of events that trigger capital gains or losses is much shorter since it can be summarized as any disposal of your cryptocurrency for proceeds that are different from the cost basis including: selling it, exchanging it, or using it to pay a vendor.

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